每個人都曾試圖在平淡的學(xué)習(xí)、工作和生活中寫一篇文章。寫作是培養(yǎng)人的觀察、聯(lián)想、想象、思維和記憶的重要手段。范文書寫有哪些要求呢？我們怎樣才能寫好一篇范文呢？下面我給大家整理了一些優(yōu)秀范文，希望能夠幫助到大家，我們一起來看一看吧。
河南洛陽白馬寺導(dǎo)游詞篇一
今天我要帶領(lǐng)大家參觀的是洛陽市一處著名的旅游景點-----白馬寺。白馬寺位于今洛陽城東約12公里處，這里北依邙山，南臨洛水，寶塔高聳，殿閣崢嶸，長林古木，肅然幽靜。在它的東面不遠(yuǎn)處，蒿榛叢莽的古城垣，依然斷斷續(xù)續(xù)逶迤在伊洛平原之上，勾勤出一座昔日大國京都的宏偉輪廓。那就是東漢洛陽城的舊址。
白馬寺初創(chuàng)于東漢永平十一年（公元68年），是佛教傳入中國后，由官府正式創(chuàng)建的第一座寺院，是源于南亞次大陸的佛教在遼闊的中華大地賴以繁榮發(fā)展的第一座菩提道場，故歷來被佛教界稱為“釋源”和“祖庭”。“釋源”即佛教之發(fā)源地，“祖庭”即祖師之庭院。它對佛教在中國的傳播和發(fā)展，對促進(jìn)中外思想文化交流和發(fā)展各國人民的友誼，是起了重要作用的。1961年，國務(wù)院公布白馬寺為第一批全國重點文物保護(hù)單位。1983年，國務(wù)院又公布白馬寺為全國漢傳佛教重點寺院。前不久，即20__年6月2日，白馬寺又被國家旅游局定為國家4a級旅游景點。
白馬寺自東漢創(chuàng)建起，到董卓火燒洛陽時第一次被毀，其后興衰毀建，到武則天時，由主持薛懷義大興土木，達(dá)到了鼎盛。隨后又毀建不斷，最近一次大規(guī)模重修是1972年為迎接柬埔寨西哈努克親王，經(jīng)周總理批示而進(jìn)行的。
現(xiàn)存白馬寺坐北朝南，為一長方形的院落，總面積約6萬平方米左右。門前有寬闊的廣場。寺內(nèi)的主要建筑，都分布在由南向北的中軸線上。前后有五座大殿，依次為天王殿、大佛殿、大雄殿、毗盧閣，東西兩側(cè)分別有鐘、鼓樓，齋堂、客堂，禪堂、祖堂，藏經(jīng)閣、法寶閣等附屬建筑，左右對稱，布局規(guī)整。山門前的這兩匹石馬，通高1.8米，身長2.2米，形象溫馴，雕工圓潤。大家可能會問，這兩匹馬是否和白馬寺的創(chuàng)建歷史有關(guān)呢？
關(guān)于白馬寺的創(chuàng)建，最流行的一種說法即“白馬馱經(jīng)”說。據(jù)在關(guān)佛籍記載，東漢永平七年的一天晚上，漢明帝劉莊（劉秀之子）夜宿南宮，夢見一個身高丈六，頭頂放光的金人自西方而來，在殿庭飛繞。第二天早上，漢明帝召集大臣，把這個夢告訴給大臣們，博士傅毅啟奏道：臣聽說，西方有神，人們稱其為佛，就像您夢到的那樣。漢明帝聽罷，信以為真，于是就派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域拜求佛經(jīng)、佛法。蔡音等人于公元65年，告別帝都，踏上了“西天取經(jīng)”的萬里征途。在大月氏國（今阿富汗境至中亞一帶），遇到印度高僧?dāng)z摩騰、竺法蘭，見到了佛經(jīng)和釋迦牟尼佛白氈像，誠懇邀請二位高僧東赴中國弘法布教。永平十年（公元67年），二位印度高僧應(yīng)邀和東漢使者一道，用白馬馱載佛經(jīng)、佛像同返國都洛陽。漢明帝見到佛經(jīng)、佛像，十分高興，對二位高僧極為禮重，親自予以接待，并安排他們在當(dāng)時負(fù)責(zé)外交事務(wù)的官署鴻臚寺暫住。公元68年，漢明帝敕令在洛陽西雍門外三里御道北興建僧院。為紀(jì)念白馬馱經(jīng)之，因此取名“白馬寺”。“寺”字即源于鴻臚寺之 “寺”字。再后來“寺”字便成了中國寺院的一種泛稱。
說到白馬寺，不少游人都會把它和“唐僧取經(jīng)”的故事聯(lián)系在一起。其實從時間上看，白馬寺要比“唐僧取經(jīng)”早560多年。
我們眼前的這兩匹石馬，原是宋代太師太保、右衛(wèi)將軍、駙馬都尉魏咸信墓前之物，是兩件優(yōu)秀的宋代石雕作品。1935年前后，主持僧德浩法師重修白馬寺時，將它們遷置于山門前。大家看到的這座山門，為牌坊式歇山頂，建于明代。1987年翻修了頂部，木質(zhì)匾額上的“白馬寺”三字，是中國佛教協(xié)會原會長趙樸初先生題寫的。三個門洞，象征著佛教所說的“三解脫門”佛教稱之為涅磐之門。三個門洞都是用磚和青石券砌而成的，部分券石上刻有工匠的姓氏名字，從字體上看此種券石應(yīng)是東漢遺物，是白馬寺內(nèi)現(xiàn)存最早的文物。
白馬寺山門內(nèi)西側(cè)，有一巨大的半截殘碑，殘高約1.7米，寬1.4米，相傳此碑為宋代翰林學(xué)士、著名文人蘇易簡撰，因其碑文不是由上到下一長行通寫到底，而是用短行分成幾排寫出來，別具格式，故稱“斷文碑”，為白馬寺六景之一。
山門東側(cè)，為元代所遺存的《洛京白馬寺祖庭記》碑，通高3.5米，寬1.15米，碑額“洛京白馬寺祖庭記”八字為篆書。此碑立于元代至順?biāo)哪辏ü?333年），由元代華嚴(yán)名僧仲華文才撰文，內(nèi)有“上夢金人，自西飛至，身光煒，以遲旦告所夢于臣下”，“遣遵偕郎中蔡音、秦景等十八人，西訪至天竺，遇沙門迦攝摩騰、竺法蘭 ”等句子，碑文稱白馬寺為“祖庭”和“釋源”，并說“釋源居中天，權(quán)輿佛法之地”，實為“騰、蘭二神僧開教之緒”。仲華文才后來到了佛教“四大名山”之一的五臺山，成為五臺山名剎佑國寺的開山第一代主持。這篇碑文，應(yīng)是他卓錫白馬寺時所撰。碑文楷書，字體瀟灑工整，豐神秀骨，實為不可多得的書法藝術(shù)珍品。因此碑不曾留下書丹者姓名，碑文究竟出自誰手，遂成一樁懸案。但字體為“趙體”。
前面這座東西對稱的建筑，東側(cè)為新建的鐘樓，鐘樓前有民國時期所建的五間“門頭堂”；西側(cè)為新建的鼓樓，鼓樓前有民國時所建的“云水堂”。“門頭堂”、“云水堂”現(xiàn)已辟為佛教法物流通處和旅游接中心。
在鐘樓以東、鼓樓以西，靠近東西兩側(cè)圍墻，分別為攝摩騰、竺法蘭二位印度高僧之墓。二位高僧曾長期禪居白馬寺內(nèi)譯經(jīng)傳教，在這里他們共同譯出了中國最早的漢文佛經(jīng)《四十二章經(jīng)》。他們先后圓寂于白馬寺，就葬于寺內(nèi)，現(xiàn)墓前有明代崇禎七年（1634年）所立墓碑，“騰蘭墓”也為白馬寺六景之一。
現(xiàn)在我們看到的這座大殿稱為天王殿，是白馬寺內(nèi)第一重大殿。此殿因殿內(nèi)供四大天王而得名。迎面而坐的是大肚彌勒佛，他笑容滿面，和藹可親，右手持念珠，左手握布帶，形象生動有趣，為明代造像作品。在中國漢族的佛寺中，第一座大殿通常都供奉彌勒佛。人們進(jìn)入佛寺中，首先看到這一樂呵呵的形象，會對佛門產(chǎn)生一種親切之感。
佛像上面的這一座大佛龕，共雕有五十多條姿態(tài)各異的龍，雕工細(xì)膩，是清代上乘的木雕藝術(shù)品。
大殿內(nèi)兩側(cè)，分塑四大天王，又叫“四大金剛”，分別是東方持國天王，手持琵芭；南方增長天王，右手持傘，左手握妖；西方廣目天王，一手握龍，一手持寶珠；北方多聞天王，手托寶塔。按照中國個習(xí)慣，一他們手中所持法器不同，他們分別代表著“風(fēng)”“調(diào)”“雨”“順”，四大天王身材魁梧，威風(fēng)凜凜，是一組清代泥塑作品。
這尊面北站像為韋駝天將，被稱做“護(hù)法神”，著武將裝，立于彌勒像后，正對釋迦牟尼佛，執(zhí)行著維護(hù)講經(jīng)道場，不許邪魔侵?jǐn)_的任務(wù)，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的東西兩側(cè)，種植著許多石榴樹。人們說“五月石榴紅似火”，但在白馬寺卻恰恰相反，因為這里的石榴顏色是白色的。每至農(nóng)歷四五月份，樹上開滿了石榴花，晶瑩潔白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是“五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白馬寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前東側(cè)，立有明代嘉靖三十五年（1556年）黃錦撰文的《重修古剎白馬禪寺記》碑。高3.8米，寬1.03米，這方石碑對研究白馬寺的歷史沿革有重要的參考價值。
大佛殿是寺內(nèi)主要殿堂，重大的佛事活動，均在這里舉行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，雖經(jīng)后世重修，單仍不失明代建筑風(fēng)格。
殿內(nèi)正中佛壇之上供奉著七尊造像，正中釋迦牟尼佛，結(jié)跏趺坐于須彌座上，像高2.4米。
這里的塑像，據(jù)說是他最后一次講經(jīng)說法時的形象，此次講經(jīng)，他并不講話，叫做“不語說法”，只用右手持一朵鮮花，讓眾人猜測，即所謂“涅磐會上”“捻花示眾”。大佛胸口字符號，表示大佛“福德無量”，“萬德圓融”，所以身有瑞相，表示“吉祥之所集”，武則天定此符號讀音為“萬”。
釋迦牟尼的左側(cè)，為大弟子摩訶珈葉，在這次“不語說法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，從而破顏微笑，后來被推為釋迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中國禪宗推崇他為印度傳承的第一代祖師。
右側(cè)站像為大弟子阿難，他博聞強記，被稱為“多聞第一”，中國禪宗又推他為在印度傳承佛法的第二代祖師。
珈葉左側(cè)為文殊菩薩，右持經(jīng)書，《般若經(jīng)》，以知識淵博，聰明智慧著稱；阿難右側(cè)為普賢菩薩，手持如意鉤，德行圓滿，功過無邊，以“行愿”著稱。
釋迦牟尼佛與文殊，普賢菩薩，合稱為“釋迦三圣”，這是三尊明代泥塑造像作品。東西侍立的是兩尊供養(yǎng)天人，手持鮮花，體態(tài)嬌娜，也稱“散花天女”。在大佛講經(jīng)時，供養(yǎng)天人在高高的天上，紛紛散花，“天花亂墜”一詞由此而來。
大佛殿東南角懸掛的是一口明代大鐘，由太監(jiān)黃錦所鑄，重二千五百斤。據(jù)說白馬寺內(nèi)原來還有一口大鐘，每當(dāng)月白風(fēng)清之夜，更深人靜之時，僧人敲擊，鐘聲四野傳響，經(jīng)久不絕，可遠(yuǎn)聞數(shù)十里。更奇妙的是，只要這口大鐘一響，遠(yuǎn)在二十五里之外的洛陽老城鐘樓上的大鐘，也會應(yīng)聲而和，老城鐘樓上的大鐘一響，白馬寺的大鐘也立刻響起來，這就是“馬寺鐘聲”，為“洛陽八大景”之一，也稱“夜半鐘”，是白馬寺六景之一。
殿西南角為鼓。這里的鐘、鼓都是僧人們進(jìn)行佛事活動時所敲打的樂器。
大佛殿內(nèi)后部，這尊面向北方的坐像，為觀世音菩薩，由于背對大佛，又稱“倒坐觀音”。
現(xiàn)在我們看到的是第三重大殿----大雄殿。大雄殿，本為元代所重建，明、清時重修。殿門外東側(cè)壁間，嵌有宋代重立的《摩騰入漢靈異記》刻石，畢無說它“字體絕類《圣教序》，北宋人書，猶有晉唐風(fēng)格，良可愛也。”此刻石記載了漢明帝修建齊云塔的起始原委。
殿內(nèi)天棚上。畫有鮮艷的蓮花圖案；殿中央，這個巨大的木雕貼金雙層佛龕，精雕細(xì)刻，金碧輝煌，看起來十分壯觀。在上層龕額正中，浮雕著一只大鵬金翅鳥，鳥吻人身。在鵬金翅鳥的兩邊，還各浮雕有三條龍。佛教傳說，大鵬金翅鳥最喜歡吃龍，龍萬般無奈，只好找如來佛“告狀”，如來佛即從所披袈裟之上抽出一束絲，用一根絲覆蓋一條龍。從此，龍受到如來佛的保護(hù)，不再擔(dān)心受大鵬鳥之害了。如來佛又運用神通，讓供品變化的無限多，用供品代龍，滿足了大鵬金翅鳥的要求，解決了雙方的矛盾，龍、鳥皆大歡喜。佛龕上的圖案，大概就源于這個佛教傳說故事吧。
佛龕內(nèi)的三尊主佛，皆盤雙膝坐于蓮花寶座中，正中為釋迦牟尼，尊稱“大雄”，即像大勇士那樣神通廣大，法力無邊。像高2.25米，整個形象給人以無限莊嚴(yán)、圣潔、恬靜之感。釋迦左側(cè)為東方“凈琉璃世界”的藥師佛，右側(cè)為西方“極樂世界”的阿彌陀佛。這三尊佛形制、風(fēng)格大體相同。
三主佛之前，左右相對而站的是韋馱、韋力二位“護(hù)法神”。
殿內(nèi)兩側(cè)供置十八羅漢，這一組十八羅漢，都是坐像，形態(tài)各異，通高介于1.55—1.61米之間。西側(cè)有一尊羅漢，頭戴花冠，上衣下裙，完全是一位端莊、嫻雅的女性形象，而其余十七尊則削發(fā)光頂。有些游人就把他們戲稱為十八羅漢一枝花。
大雄寶殿的三主佛、二天將、十八羅漢都是元代造像，與天王殿的彌勒佛，共二十四尊，是1973年從北京故宮慈寧宮大佛堂調(diào)入的，為傳世極稀的文物瑰寶，國內(nèi)已非常罕見。其中十八羅漢為國內(nèi)僅存的一套，是白馬寺的鎮(zhèn)寺之寶。
東西山墻上為木雕千佛壁龕，供有壁佛5056尊。
殿后站的韋力天將，為寺內(nèi)現(xiàn)今僅存的一尊元代泥雕作品。
接引殿是寺內(nèi)的第四重大殿。按佛教說法，佛教徒修行到一定時候，有了一定的功果，便可由阿彌陀佛迎接、引導(dǎo)到西方“極樂世界”去。正中主尊為阿彌陀佛，右手向前下伸，作接引狀；左手指向西方“極樂世界”。右側(cè)為觀音菩薩，左側(cè)為大勢至菩薩，合稱“西方三圣”，均為清代泥塑作品。接引殿于清代同治年間毀于火災(zāi)，光緒年間重建，是白馬寺內(nèi)修建最晚，規(guī)模最小的殿。
現(xiàn)在請大家隨我一起登上清涼臺，相傳，清涼臺原是漢明帝劉莊小時候避暑、讀書之處；后來二位印度僧在此居住并譯經(jīng)傳教，第一本漢文佛經(jīng)《四十二章經(jīng)》就是大此譯出的。自東漢以后，歷來均以此為藏經(jīng)之所。清涼臺之名，源自清如秀和尚，被譽為白馬寺六景之首。如秀能文能詩，書畫俱佳。他把白馬寺內(nèi)的六項重要古跡，題為白馬寺六景，分別是清涼臺、焚經(jīng)臺、齊云臺、以及前面已介紹過的夜半鐘、騰蘭墓和斷文碑。
整個臺上，以毗盧閣為中心，周圍環(huán)繞配殿、僧房和廊廡等，構(gòu)成一個封閉式的院落。毗盧閣是寺內(nèi)最后一重大殿，為明代重修，重檐歇山頂，殿內(nèi)佛壇上中間主尊為摩訶毗盧遮那佛，簡稱毗盧佛，意為“大日佛”，象征著光明普照，佛法廣大無邊。毗盧佛，是佛教中一個重要教派---密宗（也叫真言宗）所尊奉的最高的神。
毗盧佛的左側(cè)為文殊菩薩，右為普賢菩薩。這一佛二菩薩，合稱“華嚴(yán)三圣”均為清代泥塑像。
隨著佛教在中國的發(fā)展興盛，于是形成了各種各樣的佛教宗派。這些宗派之間互相聯(lián)系，互為影響，也互為斗爭。自唐武宗滅佛之后，惟有禪宗弘而不衰，成為匯合各宗派的完全中國化的佛教。其中以祖宗和凈土宗、密宗、律宗結(jié)合得最緊密。作為“釋源”和“祖庭”的白馬寺，對于中佛教的這種歷史現(xiàn)象有明顯的反映。宋元之后，白馬寺雖為禪宗寺院，但寺內(nèi)的接引殿及阿彌陀佛主要是凈土宗的內(nèi)容，而毗盧閣及毗盧佛，則又主要是密宗的內(nèi)容。
在清涼臺東西兩側(cè)，分別新建有藏經(jīng)閣、法寶閣各一座，供奉著泰國佛教世界贈送給白馬寺的中華古佛和印度前總理拉奧贈送的釋迦牟尼銅像。
現(xiàn)在我們來到齊云塔院。此院位于白馬寺山門外東南約200米處，齊云塔是一座方形密檐工磚塔，十三層，高約25米。齊云塔外形呈拋物線，造型別致，玲瓏嫵媚。據(jù)寺內(nèi)現(xiàn)存宋代刻石記載。齊云塔初建于東漢永平十二年，即公元69年，創(chuàng)建白馬寺的第二年，應(yīng)該是中國最古老的一座佛塔。現(xiàn)存的磚塔，則為金大定十五年（公元1175年）年建，已有八百多年的歷史，是洛陽一帶地面現(xiàn)存最早的古建筑，1990年齊云塔被辟為河南省第一座比丘尼道場。
齊云塔有一奇，如果站在塔南約20米處，用擊掌，便可聽到從塔身發(fā)出“哇哇”的聲音，好像田野里青蛙的叫聲。所以當(dāng)?shù)厝藗髡f，在齊云塔上住有一保金蛤蟆。其實這是一種回音現(xiàn)象，它比北京天壇的明代回音壁（1530年）要早三百五十多年。
中國第一座古剎是白馬寺；中國第一座古塔是齊云塔；第一次“西天取經(jīng)”始于洛陽；最早來華的印度僧人禪居于白馬寺；最早傳入梵文佛經(jīng)“貝葉經(jīng)”收藏于白馬寺；最早的譯經(jīng)道場是白馬寺內(nèi)的清涼臺；第一相漢文佛經(jīng)《四十二章經(jīng)》是在白馬寺譯出的；第一本漢文佛律《僧祗戒心》始譯于白馬寺；第一場佛、道之爭發(fā)生于白馬寺；第一個漢人和尚朱士行受戒于白馬寺。這十項第一，我們可以稱之為“祖庭十古”。正是這“祖庭十古”，使洛陽折馬寺能夠穩(wěn)居中國伽藍(lán)之首座，而永遠(yuǎn)彪炳于中國佛教史冊之卷首。
歡迎朋友們再度光臨洛陽白馬寺！
河南洛陽白馬寺導(dǎo)游詞篇二
白馬寺位于河南省洛陽老城以東12公里處，創(chuàng)建于東漢永平十一年(公元68年)，為中國第一古剎，世界著名伽藍(lán)，是佛教傳入中國后興建的第一座寺院，有中國佛教的“祖庭”和“釋源”之稱，距今已有1900多年的歷史。現(xiàn)存的遺址古跡為元、明、清時所留。寺內(nèi)保存了大量元代夾纻干漆造像如三世佛、二天將、十八羅漢等，彌足珍貴。
1961年，白馬寺被中華人民共和國國務(wù)院公布為第一批全國重點文物保護(hù)單位。1983年，被國務(wù)院確定為全國漢傳佛教重點寺院。20xx年1月，白馬寺被國家旅游局命名為首批aaaa級景區(qū)。
東漢永平七年(公元64年)，漢明帝劉莊(劉秀之子)夜宿南宮，夢一個身高六丈，頭頂放光的金人自西方而來，在殿庭飛繞。次日晨，漢明帝將此夢告訴給大臣們，博士傅毅啟奏說“西方有神，稱為佛，就像您夢到的那樣”。漢明帝聽罷大喜，派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域，拜求佛經(jīng)、佛法。
永平八年(公元65年)，蔡、秦等人告別帝都，踏上“西天取經(jīng)”的萬里征途。在大月氏國(今阿富汗境至中亞一帶)，遇到印度高僧?dāng)z摩騰、竺法蘭，見到了佛經(jīng)和釋迦牟尼佛白氈像，懇請二位高僧東赴中國弘法布教。
永平十年(公元67年)，二位印度高僧應(yīng)邀和東漢使者一道，用白馬馱載佛經(jīng)、佛像同返國都洛陽。漢明帝見到佛經(jīng)、佛像，十分高興，對二位高僧極為禮重，親自予以接待，并安排他們在當(dāng)時負(fù)責(zé)外交事務(wù)的官署“鴻臚寺”暫住。
永平十一年(公元68年)，漢明帝敕令在洛陽西雍門外三里御道北興建僧院。為紀(jì)念白馬馱經(jīng)，取名“白馬寺”。“寺”字即源于“鴻臚寺”之“寺”字，后來“寺”字便成了中國寺院的一種泛稱。攝摩騰和竺法蘭在此譯出《四十二章經(jīng)》，為現(xiàn)存中國第一部漢譯佛典。
在攝摩騰和竺法蘭之后，又有多位西方高僧來到白馬寺譯經(jīng)，在公元68年以后的一百五十多年時間里，有一百九十二部，合計三百九十五卷佛經(jīng)在這里譯出，白馬寺成為當(dāng)之無愧的中國第一譯經(jīng)道場。
曹魏嘉平二年(公元250年)，印度高僧曇柯迦羅來到白馬寺。此時佛教也從深宮走進(jìn)了市井民間。隨后，曇柯迦羅在白馬寺譯出了第一部漢文佛教戒律《僧祗戒心》。同一時期，安息國僧人曇諦，也在白馬寺譯出了規(guī)范僧團組織生活的《曇無德羯磨》。至此，戒律和僧團組織章程都已齊備，一條中土有緣人出家持戒修行的道路鋪就，為中土戒律之始。
曹魏甘露五年(公元260年)，一場受戒儀式在白馬寺舉行，這是一個注定要深深印刻在中國佛教史上的事件。這一天，朱士行依《羯磨法》登上戒壇，長跪于佛祖面前，成了中國漢地第一位正式受過比丘戒的出家人。自此，儒家“身體發(fā)膚，受之父母，不敢毀傷”的古老傳統(tǒng)被打破了。
佛教在中國扎根、傳播最初的二百年，整個過程都與白馬寺息息相關(guān)。這里是中國第一次西天求法的產(chǎn)物，是最早來中國傳教弘法的僧人的居所;這里誕生了第一部中文佛經(jīng)和中文戒律，產(chǎn)生了第一個中國漢地僧人……總之，白馬寺是與中國佛教的許許多多個“第一”緊緊聯(lián)在一起的，這讓它成為名副其實的中國佛教的祖庭和釋源。
河南洛陽白馬寺導(dǎo)游詞篇三
白馬寺位于河南省洛陽老城以東12公里處，創(chuàng)建于東漢永平十一年(公元68年)，為中國第一古剎，世界著名伽藍(lán)，是佛教傳入中國后興建的第一座寺院，有中國佛教的“祖庭”和“釋源”之稱，距今已有1900多年的歷史。現(xiàn)存的遺址古跡為元、明、清時所留。寺內(nèi)保存了大量元代夾纻干漆造像如三世佛、二天將、十八羅漢等，彌足珍貴。
1961年，白馬寺被中華人民共和國國務(wù)院公布為第一批全國重點文物保護(hù)單位。1983年，被國務(wù)院確定為全國漢傳佛教重點寺院。20xx年1月，白馬寺被國家旅游局命名為首批aaaa級景區(qū)。
東漢永平七年(公元64年)，漢明帝劉莊(劉秀之子)夜宿南宮，夢一個身高六丈，頭頂放光的金人自西方而來，在殿庭飛繞。次日晨，漢明帝將此夢告訴給大臣們，博士傅毅啟奏說“西方有神，稱為佛，就像您夢到的那樣”。漢明帝聽罷大喜，派大臣蔡音、秦景等十余人出使西域，拜求佛經(jīng)、佛法。
永平八年(公元65年)，蔡、秦等人告別帝都，踏上“西天取經(jīng)”的萬里征途。在大月氏國(今阿富汗境至中亞一帶)，遇到印度高僧?dāng)z摩騰、竺法蘭，見到了佛經(jīng)和釋迦牟尼佛白氈像，懇請二位高僧東赴中國弘法布教。
永平十年(公元67年)，二位印度高僧應(yīng)邀和東漢使者一道，用白馬馱載佛經(jīng)、佛像同返國都洛陽。漢明帝見到佛經(jīng)、佛像，十分高興，對二位高僧極為禮重，親自予以接待，并安排他們在當(dāng)時負(fù)責(zé)外交事務(wù)的官署“鴻臚寺”暫住。
永平十一年(公元68年)，漢明帝敕令在洛陽西雍門外三里御道北興建僧院。為紀(jì)念白馬馱經(jīng)，取名“白馬寺”。“寺”字即源于“鴻臚寺”之“寺”字，后來“寺”字便成了中國寺院的一種泛稱。攝摩騰和竺法蘭在此譯出《四十二章經(jīng)》，為現(xiàn)存中國第一部漢譯佛典。
在攝摩騰和竺法蘭之后，又有多位西方高僧來到白馬寺譯經(jīng)，在公元68年以后的一百五十多年時間里，有一百九十二部，合計三百九十五卷佛經(jīng)在這里譯出，白馬寺成為當(dāng)之無愧的中國第一譯經(jīng)道場。
曹魏嘉平二年(公元250年)，印度高僧曇柯迦羅來到白馬寺。此時佛教也從深宮走進(jìn)了市井民間。隨后，曇柯迦羅在白馬寺譯出了第一部漢文佛教戒律《僧祗戒心》。同一時期，安息國僧人曇諦，也在白馬寺譯出了規(guī)范僧團組織生活的《曇無德羯磨》。至此，戒律和僧團組織章程都已齊備，一條中土有緣人出家持戒修行的道路鋪就，為中土戒律之始。
曹魏甘露五年(公元260年)，一場受戒儀式在白馬寺舉行，這是一個注定要深深印刻在中國佛教史上的事件。這一天，朱士行依《羯磨法》登上戒壇，長跪于佛祖面前，成了中國漢地第一位正式受過比丘戒的出家人。自此，儒家“身體發(fā)膚，受之父母，不敢毀傷”的古老傳統(tǒng)被打破了。
佛教在中國扎根、傳播最初的二百年，整個過程都與白馬寺息息相關(guān)。這里是中國第一次西天求法的產(chǎn)物，是最早來中國傳教弘法的僧人的居所;這里誕生了第一部中文佛經(jīng)和中文戒律，產(chǎn)生了第一個中國漢地僧人……總之，白馬寺是與中國佛教的許許多多個“第一”緊緊聯(lián)在一起的，這讓它成為名副其實的中國佛教的祖庭和釋源。
河南洛陽白馬寺導(dǎo)游詞篇四
大殿內(nèi)兩側(cè)，分塑四大天王，又叫“四大金剛”，分別是東方持國天王，手持琵芭;南方增長天王，右手持傘，左手握妖;西方廣目天王，一手握龍，一手持寶珠;北方多聞天王，手托寶塔。按照中國個習(xí)慣，一他們手中所持法器不同，他們分別代表著“風(fēng)”“調(diào)”“雨”“順”，四大天王身材魁梧，威風(fēng)凜凜，是一組清代泥塑作品。
這尊面北站像為韋駝天將，被稱做“護(hù)法神”，著武將裝，立于彌勒像后，正對釋迦牟尼佛，執(zhí)行著維護(hù)講經(jīng)道場，不許邪魔侵?jǐn)_的任務(wù)，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的東西兩側(cè)，種植著許多石榴樹。人們說“五月石榴紅似火”，但在白馬寺卻恰恰相反，因為這里的石榴顏色是白色的。每至農(nóng)歷四五月份，樹上開滿了石榴花，晶瑩潔白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是“五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白馬寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前東側(cè)，立有明代嘉靖三十五年(1556年)黃錦撰文的《重修古剎白馬禪寺記》碑。高3.8米，寬1.03米，這方石碑對研究白馬寺的歷史沿革有重要的參考價值。
大佛殿是寺內(nèi)主要殿堂，重大的佛事活動，均在這里舉行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，雖經(jīng)后世重修，單仍不失明代建筑風(fēng)格。
殿內(nèi)正中佛壇之上供奉著七尊造像，正中釋迦牟尼佛，結(jié)跏趺坐于須彌座上，像高2.4米。
這里的塑像，據(jù)說是他后一次講經(jīng)說法時的形象，此次講經(jīng)，他并不講話，叫做“不語說法”，只用右手持一朵鮮花，讓眾人猜測，即所謂“涅磐會上”“捻花示眾”。大佛胸口字符號，表示大佛“福德無量”，“萬德圓融”，所以身有瑞相，表示“吉祥之所集”，武則天定此符號讀音為“萬”。
釋迦牟尼的左側(cè)，為大弟子摩訶珈葉，在這次“不語說法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，從而破顏微笑，后來被推為釋迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中國禪宗推崇他為印度傳承的代祖師。
右側(cè)站像為大弟子阿難，他博聞強記，被稱為“多聞”，中國禪宗又推他為在印度傳承佛法的第二代祖師。
珈葉左側(cè)為文殊菩薩，右持經(jīng)書，《般若經(jīng)》，以知識淵博，聰明智慧著稱;阿難右側(cè)為普賢菩薩，手持如意鉤，德行圓滿，功過無邊，以“行愿”著稱。
釋迦牟尼佛與文殊，普賢菩薩，合稱為“釋迦三圣”，這是三尊明代泥塑造像作品。東西侍立的是兩尊供養(yǎng)天人，手持鮮花，體態(tài)嬌娜，也稱“散花天女”。在大佛講經(jīng)時，供養(yǎng)天人在高高的天上，紛紛散花，“天花亂墜”一詞由此而來。
大佛殿東南角懸掛的是一口明代大鐘，由太監(jiān)黃錦所鑄，重二千五百斤。據(jù)說白馬寺內(nèi)原來還有一口大鐘，每當(dāng)月白風(fēng)清之夜，更深人靜之時，僧人敲擊，鐘聲四野傳響，經(jīng)久不絕，可遠(yuǎn)聞數(shù)十里。更奇妙的是，只要這口大鐘一響，遠(yuǎn)在二十五里之外的洛陽老城鐘樓上的大鐘，也會應(yīng)聲而和，老城鐘樓上的大鐘一響，白馬寺的大鐘也立刻響起來，這就是“馬寺鐘聲”，為“洛陽八大景”之一，也稱“夜半鐘”，是白馬寺六景之一。
河南洛陽白馬寺導(dǎo)游詞篇五
大雄寶殿的三主佛、二天將、十八羅漢都是元代造像，與天王殿的彌勒佛，共二十四尊，是1973年從北京故宮慈寧宮大佛堂調(diào)入的，為傳世極稀的文物瑰寶，國內(nèi)已非常罕見。其中十八羅漢為國內(nèi)僅存的一套，是白馬寺的鎮(zhèn)寺之寶。
東西山墻上為木雕千佛壁龕，供有壁佛5056尊。
殿后站的韋力天將，為寺內(nèi)現(xiàn)今僅存的一尊元代泥雕作品。
接引殿是寺內(nèi)的第四重大殿。按佛教說法，佛教徒修行到一定時候，有了一定的功果，便可由阿彌陀佛迎接、引導(dǎo)到西方“極樂世界”去。正中主尊為阿彌陀佛，右手向前下伸，作接引狀；左手指向西方“極樂世界”。右側(cè)為觀音菩薩，左側(cè)為大勢至菩薩，合稱“西方三圣”，均為清代泥塑作品。接引殿于清代同治年間毀于火災(zāi)，光緒年間重建，是白馬寺內(nèi)修建最晚，規(guī)模最小的殿。
現(xiàn)在請大家隨我一起登上清涼臺，相傳，清涼臺原是漢明帝劉莊小時候避暑、讀書之處；后來二位印度僧在此居住并譯經(jīng)傳教，第一本漢文佛經(jīng)《四十二章經(jīng)》就是大此譯出的。自東漢以后，歷來均以此為藏經(jīng)之所。清涼臺之名，源自清如秀和尚，被譽為白馬寺六景之首。如秀能文能詩，書畫俱佳。他把白馬寺內(nèi)的六項重要古跡，題為白馬寺六景，分別是清涼臺、焚經(jīng)臺、齊云臺、以及前面已介紹過的夜半鐘、騰蘭墓和斷文碑。
整個臺上，以毗盧閣為中心，周圍環(huán)繞配殿、僧房和廊廡等，構(gòu)成一個封閉式的院落。毗盧閣是寺內(nèi)最后一重大殿，為明代重修，重檐歇山頂，殿內(nèi)佛壇上中間主尊為摩訶毗盧遮那佛，簡稱毗盧佛，意為“大日佛”，象征著光明普照，佛法廣大無邊。毗盧佛，是佛教中一個重要教派---密宗（也叫真言宗）所尊奉的最高的神。
毗盧佛的左側(cè)為文殊菩薩，右為普賢菩薩。這一佛二菩薩，合稱“華嚴(yán)三圣”均為清代泥塑像。
隨著佛教在中國的發(fā)展興盛，于是形成了各種各樣的佛教宗派。這些宗派之間互相聯(lián)系，互為影響，也互為斗爭。自唐武宗滅佛之后，惟有禪宗弘而不衰，成為匯合各宗派的完全中國化的佛教。其中以祖宗和凈土宗、密宗、律宗結(jié)合得最緊密。作為“釋源”和“祖庭”的白馬寺，對于中佛教的這種歷史現(xiàn)象有明顯的反映。宋元之后，白馬寺雖為禪宗寺院，但寺內(nèi)的接引殿及阿彌陀佛主要是凈土宗的內(nèi)容，而毗盧閣及毗盧佛，則又主要是密宗的內(nèi)容。
在清涼臺東西兩側(cè)，分別新建有藏經(jīng)閣、法寶閣各一座，供奉著泰國佛教世界贈送給白馬寺的中華古佛和印度前總理拉奧贈送的釋迦牟尼銅像。
現(xiàn)在我們來到齊云塔院。此院位于白馬寺山門外東南約200米處，齊云塔是一座方形密檐工磚塔，十三層，高約25米。齊云塔外形呈拋物線，造型別致，玲瓏嫵媚。據(jù)寺內(nèi)現(xiàn)存宋代刻石記載。齊云塔初建于東漢永平十二年，即公元69年，創(chuàng)建白馬寺的第二年，應(yīng)該是中國最古老的一座佛塔。現(xiàn)存的磚塔，則為金大定十五年（公元1175年）年建，已有八百多年的歷史，是洛陽一帶地面現(xiàn)存最早的古建筑，1990年齊云塔被辟為河南 省第一座比丘尼道場。
齊云塔有一奇，如果站在塔南約20米處，用擊掌，便可聽到從塔身發(fā)出“哇哇”的聲音，好像田野里青蛙的叫聲。所以當(dāng)?shù)厝藗髡f，在齊云塔上住有一保金蛤蟆。其實這是一種回音現(xiàn)象，它比北京天壇的明代回音壁（1530年）要早三百五十多年。
中國第一座古剎是白馬寺；中國第一座古塔是齊云塔；第一次“西天取經(jīng)”始于洛陽；最早來華的印度僧人禪居于白馬寺；最早傳入梵文佛經(jīng)“貝葉經(jīng)”收藏于白馬寺；最早的譯經(jīng)道場是白馬寺內(nèi)的清涼臺；第一相漢文佛經(jīng)《四十二章經(jīng)》是在白馬寺譯出的；第一本漢文佛律《僧祗戒心》始譯于白馬寺；第一場佛、道之爭發(fā)生于白馬寺；第一個漢人和尚朱士行受戒于白馬寺。這十項第一，我們可以稱之為“祖庭十古”。正是這“祖庭十古”，使洛陽折馬寺能夠穩(wěn)居中國伽藍(lán)之首座，而永遠(yuǎn)彪炳于中國佛教史冊之卷首。
河南洛陽白馬寺導(dǎo)游詞篇六
現(xiàn)在我們看到的這座大殿稱為天王殿，是白馬寺內(nèi)第一重大殿。此殿因殿內(nèi)供四大天王而得名。迎面而坐的是大肚彌勒佛，他笑容滿面，和藹可親，右手持念珠，左手握布帶，形象生動有趣，為明代造像作品。在中國漢族的佛寺中，第一座大殿通常都供奉彌勒佛。人們進(jìn)入佛寺中，首先看到這一樂呵呵的形象，會對佛門產(chǎn)生一種親切之感。
佛像上面的這一座大佛龕，共雕有五十多條姿態(tài)各異的龍，雕工細(xì)膩，是清代上乘的木雕藝術(shù)品。
大殿內(nèi)兩側(cè)，分塑四大天王，又叫“四大金剛”，分別是東方持國天王，手持琵芭；南方增長天王，右手持傘，左手握妖；西方廣目天王，一手握龍，一手持寶珠；北方多聞天王，手托寶塔。按照中國個習(xí)慣，一他們手中所持法器不同，他們分別代表著“風(fēng)”“調(diào)”“雨”“順”，四大天王身材魁梧，威風(fēng)凜凜，是一組清代泥塑作品。
這尊面北站像為韋駝天將，被稱做“護(hù)法神”，著武將裝，立于彌勒像后，正對釋迦牟尼佛，執(zhí)行著維護(hù)講經(jīng)道場，不許邪魔侵?jǐn)_的任務(wù)，也是清代泥塑作品。
在天王殿的東西兩側(cè)，種植著許多石榴樹。人們說 “五月石榴紅似火”，但在白馬寺卻恰恰相反，因為這里的石榴顏色是白色的。每至農(nóng)歷四五月份，樹上開滿了石榴花，晶瑩潔白，如玉似雪，十分好看，真是“五月榴花白如雪”。
大佛殿是白馬寺的第二重大殿，大佛殿前東側(cè)，立有明代嘉靖三十五年（1556年）黃錦撰文的《重修古剎白馬禪寺記》碑。高3.8米，寬1.03米，這方石碑對研究白馬寺的歷史沿革有重要的參考價值。
大佛殿是寺內(nèi)主要殿堂，重大的佛事活動，均在這里舉行。今存之大佛殿，是明代重建的，雖經(jīng)后世重修，單仍不失明代建筑風(fēng)格。
殿內(nèi)正中佛壇之上供奉著七尊造像，正中釋迦牟尼佛，結(jié)跏趺坐于須彌座上，像高2.4米。
這里的塑像，據(jù)說是他最后一次講經(jīng)說法時的形象，此次講經(jīng)，他并不講話，叫做“不語說法”，只用右手持一朵鮮花，讓眾人猜測，即所謂“涅磐會上”“捻花示眾”。大佛胸口 字符號，表示大佛“福德無量”，“萬德圓融”，所以身有瑞相，表示“吉祥之所集”，武則天定此符號讀音為“萬”。
釋迦牟尼的左側(cè)，為大弟子摩訶珈葉，在這次“不語說法”中，惟有他懂得了佛的真正用意，從而破顏微笑，后來被推為釋迦牟尼的十大弟子之一，中國禪宗推崇他為印度傳承的第一代祖師。
右側(cè)站像為大弟子阿難，他博聞強記，被稱為“多聞第一”，中國禪宗又推他為在印度傳承佛法的第二代祖師。
珈葉左側(cè)為文殊菩薩，右持經(jīng)書，《般若經(jīng)》，以知識淵博，聰明智慧著稱；阿難右側(cè)為普賢菩薩，手持如意鉤，德行圓滿，功過無邊，以“行愿”著稱。
釋迦牟尼佛與文殊，普賢菩薩，合稱為“釋迦三圣”，這是三尊明代泥塑造像作品。東西侍立的是兩尊供養(yǎng)天人，手持鮮花，體態(tài)嬌娜，也稱“散花天女”。在大佛講經(jīng)時，供養(yǎng)天人在高高的天上，紛紛散花，“天花亂墜”一詞由此而來。
大佛殿東南角懸掛的是一口明代大鐘，由太監(jiān)黃錦所鑄，重二千五百斤。據(jù)說白馬寺內(nèi)原來還有一口大鐘，每當(dāng)月白風(fēng)清之夜，更深人靜之時，僧人敲擊，鐘聲四野傳響，經(jīng)久不絕，可遠(yuǎn)聞數(shù)十里。更奇妙的是，只要這口大鐘一響，遠(yuǎn)在二十五里之外的洛陽老城鐘樓上的大鐘，也會應(yīng)聲而和，老城鐘樓上的大鐘一響，白馬寺的大鐘也立刻響起來，這就是“馬寺鐘聲”，為“洛陽八大景”之一，也稱“夜半鐘”，是白馬寺六景之一。
殿西南角為大法鼓。這里的鐘、鼓都是僧人們進(jìn)行佛事活動時所敲打的樂器。
大佛殿內(nèi)后部，這尊面向北方的坐像，為觀世音菩薩，由于背對大佛，又稱“倒坐觀音”。
現(xiàn)在我們看到的是第三重大殿----大雄殿。大雄殿，本為元代所重建，明、清時重修。殿門外東側(cè)壁間，嵌有宋代重立的《摩騰入漢靈異記》刻石，畢無說它“字體絕類《圣教序》，北宋人書，猶有晉唐風(fēng)格，良可愛也。”此刻石記載了漢明帝修建齊云塔的起始原委。
殿內(nèi)天棚上。畫有鮮艷的蓮花圖案；殿中央，這個巨大的木雕貼金雙層佛龕，精雕細(xì)刻，金碧輝煌 ，看起來十分壯觀。在上層龕額正中，浮雕著一只大鵬金翅鳥，鳥吻人身。在鵬金翅鳥的兩邊，還各浮雕有三條龍。佛教傳說，大鵬金翅鳥最喜歡吃龍，龍萬般無奈，只好找如來佛“告狀”，如來佛即從所披袈裟之上抽出一束絲，用一根絲覆蓋一條龍。從此，龍受到如來佛的保護(hù)，不再擔(dān)心受大鵬鳥之害了。如來佛又運用神通，讓供品變化的無限多，用供品代龍，滿足了大鵬金翅鳥的要求，解決了雙方的矛盾，龍、鳥皆大歡喜。佛龕上的圖案，大概就源于這個佛教傳說故事吧。
佛龕內(nèi)的三尊主佛，皆盤雙膝坐于蓮花寶座中，正中為釋迦牟尼，尊稱“大雄”，即像大勇士那樣神通廣大，法力無邊。像高2.25米，整個形象給人以無限莊嚴(yán)、圣潔、恬靜之感。釋迦左側(cè)為東方“凈琉璃世界”的藥師佛，右側(cè)為西方“極樂世界”的阿彌陀佛。這三尊佛形制、風(fēng)格大體相同。
三主佛之前，左右相對而站的是韋馱、韋力二位“護(hù)法神”。
殿內(nèi)兩側(cè)供置十八羅漢，這一組十八羅漢，都是坐像，形態(tài)各異，通高介于1.55—1.61米之間。西側(cè)有一尊羅漢，頭戴花冠，上衣下裙，完全是一位端莊、嫻雅的女性形象，而其余十七尊則削發(fā)光頂。有些游人就把他們戲稱為十八羅漢一枝花。
河南洛陽白馬寺導(dǎo)游詞篇七
friends:
today, i'm going to show you a famous tourist attraction in luoyang - baimatemple. baima temple is located about 12 kilometers east of luoyang city. it isclose to mangshan mountain in the north and luoshui river in the south. it hastowering pagodas, towering halls, long forests and ancient trees. not far to theeast, the ancient city wall of hazelnut groves still meanders on the yiluo plainintermittently, drawing out the grand outline of kyoto, a great power in thepast. that is the former site of luoyang city in the eastern han dynasty.
baima temple was founded in the 11th year of yongping (ad 68) of theeastern han dynasty. it is the first temple officially established by thegovernment after buddhism was introduced into china. it is the first bodhitaoist temple for buddhism originated from the south asian subcontinent toprosper and develop in the vast land of china. therefore, it has always beencalled "shiyuan" and "zuting" by the buddhist circles. "shiyuan" is thebirthplace of buddhism, "zuting" is the courtyard of the founder. it has playedan important role in the spread and development of buddhism in china, in thepromotion of ideological and cultural exchanges between china and foreigncountries, and in the development of friendship among the people of allcountries. in 1961, the state council announced that baima temple was the firstbatch of national key cultural relics protection units. in 1983, the statecouncil announced that baima temple is the key temple of chinese buddhism inchina. not long ago, on june 2, __, baima temple was designated as a national 4ascenic spot by the national tourism administration.
baima temple was founded in the eastern han dynasty. it was destroyed forthe first time when dong zhuo burned luoyang. then it rose and fell. at the timeof wu zetian, xue huaiyi, who was in charge of the construction, reached itspeak. the most recent large-scale renovation was carried out in 1972 to welcomeprince sihanouk of cambodia with the instruction of premier zhou.
the existing baima temple is a rectangular courtyard facing south, with atotal area of about 60000 square meters. there is a wide square in front of thedoor. the main buildings in the temple are distributed on the central axis fromsouth to north. there are five main halls in front and behind, which aretianwang hall, great buddha hall, daxiong hall and pilu pavilion. on the eastand west sides, there are bell, drum tower, zhaitang, hakka hall, zen hall,ancestral hall, sutra collection pavilion, magic weapon pavilion and otherancillary buildings, which are symmetrical and well arranged. the two stonehorses in front of the mountain gate are 1.8 meters high and 2.2 meters long,with gentle image and round carving. you may ask, are these two horses relatedto the founding history of baima temple?
on the foundation of baima temple, the most popular saying is "baimatuojing". according to records in guan's buddhist books, one night in theseventh year of yongping in the eastern han dynasty, emperor liu zhuang (the sonof liu xiu) spent the night in nangong. he dreamed that a golden man, who wassix feet tall and shining on his head, came from the west and flew around thepalace. the next morning, emperor hanming summoned his ministers and told themthe dream. doctor fu yi said: i heard that there is a god in the west, andpeople call it buddha, just as you dream. after hearing this, emperor han andming believed it, so he sent more than ten ministers, such as cai yin and qinjing, to the western regions to pray for buddhist scriptures and dharma. in ad65, cai yin and others bid farewell to the imperial capital and embarked on thejourney of "seeking scriptures from the west". in dayue kingdom (now afghanistanto central asia), i met indian eminent monks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan. imet buddhist sutras and white felt statues of sakyamuni buddha. i sincerelyinvited the two eminent monks to go to china to preach buddhism. in the tenthyear of yongping (ad 67), two indian eminent monks were invited to carrybuddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together with envoys of theeastern han dynasty to luoyang. emperor hanming was very happy to see thebuddhist scriptures and statues. he was very polite to the two eminent monks. hepersonally received them and arranged for them to stay in honglu temple, theofficial office in charge of foreign affairs at that time. in 68 a.d., emperorhan and ming ordered the construction of monasteries in the north of sanliyuroad outside xiyong gate in luoyang. in memory of the white horse carryingscripture, it was named "white horse temple". the word "si" comes from the word"si" in honglu temple. later, the word "temple" became a general term forchinese temples.
when it comes to baima temple, many visitors will associate it with thestory of "monk tang's learning from scriptures". in fact, from the perspectiveof time, baima temple was more than 560 years earlier than "tang monk's learningscriptures".
the two stone horses in front of us are two excellent stone carvings of thesong dynasty. around 1935, master seng dehao, who presided over the restorationof baima temple, moved them to the front of the mountain gate. as you can see,the gate is a memorial archway style hilltop built in the ming dynasty. in 1987,the top was renovated, and the three characters "white horse temple" on thewooden plaque was inscribed by mr. zhao puchu, the former president of chinabuddhist association. the three gates symbolize the "three gates of liberation"in buddhism, which is called the gate of nirvana in buddhism. the three dooropenings are all made of brick and bluestone. some of them are engraved with thesurnames of craftsmen. from the font, this kind of stone should be a relic ofthe eastern han dynasty, and it is the earliest cultural relic in baimatemple.
on the west side of the gate of baima temple, there is a huge half stonetablet, which is about 1.7 meters high and 1.4 meters wide. it is said that thistablet was written by su yi, a famous scholar and academician of the songdynasty. because its inscription is not written from top to bottom, but iswritten in several rows with short lines, so it is called "duanwen tablet",which is one of the six scenes of baima temple.
on the east side of the mountain gate is the stele of the yuan dynasty,which is 3.5 meters high and 1.15 meters wide. this monument was erected in 1333a.d. and was written by zhong huawencai, a famous monk of huayan in the yuandynasty. it contains the following words: "the man of shangmengjin, flying fromthe west to the west, was bright, and told his dream to his subordinates by chidan", "sent 18 people, including cai yin and qin jing, to visit tianzhu in thewest, and met with samanga, moteng and zhufalan ”the inscriptions call baimatemple "zuting" and "shiyuan", and say "shiyuan is in the middle of heaven, theplace of guanyu buddhism", which is in fact "the enlightenment of teng and lanmonks". zhong hua wencai later went to wutai mountain, one of the "four famousmountains" of buddhism, and became the first leader of youguo temple. thisinscription should have been written by him when he was in zhuoxi baima r script with inscriptions on steles is a rare art treasure ofcalligraphy. therefore, the tablet did not leave the name of the person whowrote the tablet, so it became a pending case. but the font is "zhao style".
in front of this east-west symmetrical building, on the east side is thenewly-built bell tower, in front of which are five "mentou halls" built in theperiod of the republic of china; on the west side is the newly-built drum tower,in front of which is the "yunshui hall" built in the period of the republic ofchina. "mentou hall" and "yunshui hall" have been set up as buddhist lawlogistics office and tourism center.
to the east of the bell tower and to the west of the drum tower, close tothe walls on the east and west sides, are the tombs of two indian monks. the twoeminent monks had been living in baima temple for a long time to translate andpreach buddhist scriptures, where they jointly translated the earliest chinesebuddhist scripture forty two chapters. they passed away in baima temple oneafter another, and were buried in the temple. in front of the tombstone, thereis a tombstone erected in 1634, the seventh year of chongzhen in ming dynasty."tenglan tomb" is also one of the six scenes of baima temple.
now the main hall we see is called tianwang hall, which is the first majorhall in baima temple. this hall is named for the four heavenly kings. facing himis maitreya tatu. he is smiling and amiable. he holds rosary beads in his righthand and cloth ribbon in his left. his image is vivid and interesting. he is asculpture of the ming dynasty. in the buddhist temples of the han nationality inchina, the first hall is usually dedicated to maitreya. when people enter thebuddhist temple, they will first see this happy image, which will produce a kindfeeling to buddhism.
the large niche above the buddha statue is carved with more than 50 dragonsof different shapes. the carving is exquisite, and it is the best wood carvingart of the qing dynasty.
on both sides of the hall, there are four heavenly kings, also known as the"four king kong". they are: the eastern heavenly king holding the kingdom,holding the pipa; the southern heavenly king holding the umbrella in his righthand, holding the demon in his left hand; the western heavenly king holding thedragon in one hand, holding the pearl in the other; the northern heavenly kingholding the pagoda in his hand. according to a chinese custom, one of the magictools they hold is different. they represent "wind", "tune", "rain" and "shun"respectively. the four heavenly kings are a group of clay sculpture works ofqing dynasty, which are burly and majestic.
this statue of wei tuotian general standing in the north, known as the"dharma god", is a clay sculpture of the qing dynasty. it is dressed as amilitary general and stands behind the statue of maitreya. facing sakyamunibuddha, it is performing the task of maintaining the preaching ground andforbidding the invasion of evil spirits.
there are many pomegranate trees planted on the east and west sides of thetemple. people say that "may pomegranate is as red as fire", but in baima templeit is just the opposite, because the pomegranate here is white. every april andmay of the lunar calendar, the trees are full of pomegranate flowers, crystalwhite, jade like snow, very good-looking, really "may pomegranate white assnow.".
the great buddha hall is the second major hall of baima temple. on the eastside of the front of the great buddha hall, there is a stele of "rebuildingbaima temple" written by huang jin in 1556. the stone tablet is 3.8 meters highand 1.03 meters wide, which has important reference value for the study of thehistorical evolution of baima temple.
the great buddha hall is the main hall in the temple, where major buddhistactivities are held. today's great buddha hall was rebuilt in the ming gh it has been rebuilt by later generations, it still has thearchitectural style of the blind generation.
there are seven statues on the altar in the middle of the hall. the statueof sakyamuni buddha in the middle sits on the seat of xumi, with a height of 2.4meters.
the statue here is said to be the image of his last sermon. in this sermon,he did not speak, which is called "speechless sermon". he only held a flower inhis right hand, which made people guess, that is, he "twisted the flower to showit to the public" at the nirvana meeting. the symbol on the chest of the greatbuddha means that the buddha has "boundless blessing" and "perfect harmony ofall virtues". therefore, the body has auspicious appearance, which means "theplace of auspiciousness". wu zetian defined the pronunciation of this symbol as"ten thousand".
on the left side of sakyamuni is mahakaya, the eldest disciple. in this"speechless saying", only he understood the real intention of the buddha, so hebroke his face and smile. later, he was promoted as one of the top ten disciplesof sakyamuni. chinese zen worshipped him as the first generation patriarch ofindian inheritance.
the standing statue on the right is ananda, the eldest disciple. he iswell-known and has a strong memory. he is known as "the first of many stories".chinese zen buddhism also promoted him as the second generation of patriarch whoinherited buddhism in india.
on the left side of jiaye is manjusri bodhisattva, on the right side isprajna sutra, which is known for its profound knowledge and wisdom; on the rightside of ananda is puxian bodhisattva, who holds ruyi hook, whose virtue isperfect and whose merits and demerits are boundless, which is known as"xingyuan".
sakyamuni buddha, manjusri and puxian bodhisattva are collectively known asthe "three sages of sakyamuni". these are three clay sculptures of the mingdynasty. east and west stand by two statues to support heaven and man. they holdflowers in their hands and have a delicate posture. they are also called "sanhuatiannv". when the great buddha preached the sermon, he offered support to heavenand man, and scattered flowers one after another in the high sky.
hanging in the southeast corner of the great buddha hall is a ming dynastybell, which was cast by eunuch huang jin and weighs 2500 jin. it is said thatthere used to be a big bell in the white horse temple. when the moon is whiteand the wind is clear and the people are still, the monks knock on it. the bellrings all over the place, lasting for decades. what's more, as soon as the bigbell rings, the big bell on the clock tower of the old city of luoyang, 25 milesaway, will also ring. as soon as the big bell on the clock tower of the old cityrings, the big bell of baima temple will ring. this is "the bell of horsetemple". it is one of the eight sceneries of luoyang, also known as "midnightbell". it is one of the six sceneries of baima temple.
the southwest corner of the hall is dafa drum. the bells and drums here areall the musical instruments that monks beat when they are engaged in buddhistactivities.
in the rear of the great buddha hall, this sitting statue facing the northis called guanyin bodhisattva. because of its back to the great buddha, it isalso known as "sitting upside down guanyin".
now what we see is the third main hall - daxiong hall. daxiong hall,originally rebuilt in yuan dynasty, was rebuilt in ming and qing dynasties. inthe east wall outside the hall, there is a stone engraved with the supernaturalrecords of the han dynasty by mo teng, which was re established in the songdynasty. bi wu said that it "has a unique typeface like the preface to the holyreligion, and the calligraphy of the northern song dynasty still has the styleof jin and tang dynasties, which is good and lovely." at this moment, the stonerecords the origin of the construction of qiyun tower by emperor han andming.
in the hall, on the ceiling. in the center of the hall, this hugedouble-layer niche with wood carvings and gold stickers is exquisitely carvedand resplendent. in the middle of the upper niche, there is a roc golden wingedbird, which kisses the human body. on both sides of the bird, there are threedragons in relief. according to buddhist legend, the dapeng golden winged birdlikes to eat dragons most. the dragon has no choice but to "complain" to thetathagata buddha. the tathagata buddha draws a bunch of silk from his cassockand covers a dragon with a piece of silk. from then on, the dragon was protectedby the tathagata buddha and no longer worried about the harm of mirs. thetathagata buddha also uses the supernatural power to make the offering changeinfinitely. by substituting the offering for the dragon, it meets therequirements of dapeng golden winged bird and solves the contradiction betweenthe two sides. both the dragon and the bird are happy. the design on the nicheprobably originated from this buddhist legend.
the three main buddhas in the niches are sitting on the lotus throne withknees on both sides. in the middle of the niches is sakyamuni, who is honored as"mahatma", that is to say, he is as powerful as a great warrior. as high as 2.25meters, the whole image gives people a sense of infinite solemnity, holiness andtranquility. on the left side of sakyamuni is the pharmacist buddha of the "pureglass world" in the east, and on the right side is amitabha buddha of the"paradise" in the west. the three buddhas have the same shape and style.
before the three main buddhas, wei tuo and wei li were standing oppositeeach other.
there are eighteen arhats on both sides of the hall. this group of eighteenarhats are sitting statues with different shapes. the height is between1.55-1.61 meters. on the west side, there is a arhat, wearing a corolla and askirt, which is a dignified and elegant female image, while the other 17 statueshave their top cut. some visitors call them the eighteen arhats.
the three main buddhas, the two heavenly generals and the eighteen arhatsin the main hall are all statues of the yuan dynasty. there are 24 maitreyabuddhas in the temple of heavenly kings. they were transferred from the greatbuddha hall of cining palace in 1973. they are rare cultural relics in them, the eighteen arhats are the only remaining set in china and are thetreasure of baima temple.
there are 5056 mural buddhas on the east and west gables.
wei litian, standing at the back of the hall, is the only remaining claysculpture of the yuan dynasty in the temple.
the reception hall is the fourth major hall in the temple. according tobuddhism, buddhists can be welcomed and guided to the western "paradise" byamitabha buddha when they have achieved certain achievements in their the center, the buddha is amitabha, with his right hand extending forward anddownward to make a leading shape, and his left hand pointing to the western"paradise". on the right is guanyin bodhisattva, and on the left is dashizhibodhisattva, collectively known as the "three saints of the west", all of whichare clay sculptures of the qing dynasty. the reception hall was destroyed byfire in tongzhi period of qing dynasty and rebuilt in guangxu period. it is thelatest and the smallest one built in baima temple.
now, please come with me to the qingliangtai. it is said that theqingliangtai used to be a summer resort and a reading place for liu zhuang,emperor of the han and ming dynasties, when he was a child. later, two indianmonks lived here and translated scriptures to preach. the first chinese buddhistsutra, forty two chapters sutra, was translated from this place. since theeastern han dynasty, it has always been a place for collecting scriptures. thename of qingliangtai originates from monk qingruxiu, and is known as the firstof the six scenic spots in baima temple. such as xiu neng, wen neng, poetry,calligraphy and painting are good. he named the six important monuments in baimatemple as the six sceneries of baima temple, which are qingliang terrace,burning sutra terrace, qiyun terrace, midnight bell, tenglan tomb and duanwenstele.
the whole stage, with pilu pavilion as the center, is surrounded by theaccessory hall, monk's room and veranda, forming a closed courtyard. pilupavilion is the last main hall in the temple. it was rebuilt in the mingdynasty, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain. in the middle ofthe buddhist altar in the temple, the main statue is maha piluzana buddha, orpilu buddha for short, which means "da ri buddha", symbolizing the light andboundless buddhism. pilufa, an important sect in buddhism, is the highestworshipped by tantrism (also known as zhenyanzong)
河南洛陽白馬寺導(dǎo)游詞篇八
baima temple is located 12 kilometers east of the old city of luoyang inhenan province. it was founded in the 11th year of yongping in the eastern handynasty (ad 68). it is the first ancient temple in china and the world famouskalan temple. it is the first temple built after buddhism was introduced intochina. it is known as the "ancestral court" and "source of interpretation" ofchinese buddhism. it has a history of more than 1900 years. the existing sitesand historic sites are preserved in yuan, ming and qing dynasties. there are alarge number of jiagan lacquered statues of the yuan dynasty, such as the thirdbuddha, the second general and the eighteen arhats.
in 1961, baima temple was announced as the first batch of national keycultural relics protection units by the state council of the people's republicof china. in 1983, it was designated by the state council as the national keytemple of chinese buddhism. in january 20__, baima temple was named as the firstbatch of aaaa scenic spots by the national tourism administration.
in the seventh year of yongping in the eastern han dynasty (a.d. 64),emperor liu zhuang (the son of liu xiu) spent the night in nangong. he dreamedthat a golden man, six feet tall and shining on his head, would come from thewest and fly around the palace. the next morning, emperor hanming told theministers about the dream. doctor fu yi said, "there is a god in the west, whichis called buddha, just as you dream.". after hearing this, emperor han and mingsent more than ten ministers, such as cai yin and qin jing, to the westernregions to worship buddhist scriptures and dharma.
in the eighth year of yongping (ad 65), cai, qin and others bid farewell tothe imperial capital and embarked on the journey of "learning from the west". indayue kingdom (from afghanistan to central asia today), i met indian eminentmonks, such as shemoteng and zhufalan, and met buddhist sutras and white feltstatues of sakyamuni buddha. i sincerely ask the two eminent monks to go east tochina to preach buddhism.
in the tenth year of yongping (ad 67), two indian eminent monks wereinvited to carry buddhist scriptures and statues on white horses together withenvoys of the eastern han dynasty to luoyang. emperor hanming was very happy tosee the buddhist scriptures and statues. he was very polite to the two eminentmonks. he personally received them and arranged for them to stay in honglutemple, the official office in charge of foreign affairs at that time.
in the 11th year of yongping (a.d. 68), the emperor of han and ming orderedthe construction of monasteries in the north of sanli imperial road outsidexiyong gate in luoyang. in memory of baima tuojing, it was named "baima temple".the word "si" originated from the word "si" of "honglu temple", and later "si"became a general term of chinese temples. this is the first chinese translationof buddhist scriptures in china.
after taking photos of moteng and zhufalan, many western eminent monks cameto baima temple to translate buddhist scriptures. in more than 150 years after68 a.d., 192 buddhist scriptures, 395 volumes in total, were translated temple has become the first buddhist scripture translation center inchina.
in the second year of caowei jiaping (a.d. 250), tan kejialuo, an indianmonk, came to baima temple. at this time, buddhism also entered the public fromthe deep palace. later, tankojaro translated the first buddhist commandment inchinese in baima temple. at the same time, tan di, a monk of the sabbath state,also translated tan wu de jie mo in baima temple, which regulated theorganization and life of the monks. so far, the commandments and theconstitution of the monks' group have been completed, and a path of monasticpractice has been paved, which is the beginning of the commandments inchina.
in the fifth year of ganlu (260 a.d.), a commandment ceremony was held inbaima temple, which is destined to be deeply engraved in the history of chinesebuddhism. on this day, zhu shixing ascended the altar of abstinence inaccordance with the law of karma, knelt down in front of the buddha, and becamethe first monk who formally received the bhikkhu commandment in han china. sincethen, the ancient confucian tradition of "body hair skin, parents, dare notdamage" has been broken.
during the first 200 years of buddhism's taking root and spreading inchina, the whole process is closely related to baima temple. this is the productof china's first search for dharma from the west. it is the residence of thefirst monks who came to china to preach and spread dharma. the first chinesebuddhist scripture and chinese commandments were born here, and the firstchinese buddhist monk was born in a word, baima temple is closely linked withmany "firsts" of chinese buddhism, which makes it the real ancestor and sourceof chinese buddhism.
