當工作或學習進行到一定階段或告一段落時，需要回過頭來對所做的工作認真地分析研究一下，肯定成績，找出問題，歸納出經驗教訓，提高認識，明確方向，以便進一步做好工作，并把這些用文字表述出來，就叫做總結。總結書寫有哪些要求呢？我們怎樣才能寫好一篇總結呢？以下是小編為大家收集的總結范文，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結篇一

概述：

如果你看到下列的句子，你會認為它們是正確的還是錯的呢？ 1.i wish i were a request that you be here tomorrow.也許你會說:“哈哈，第一句的 i were 錯了，應該是 i was；而第二句中的 you be是什么東東呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!” 其實上面的句子都是一種稱為 subjunctive 類型的句子。subjunctive mood 有的書譯為“假設語氣”，雖不很貼切；但在相當大的程度上，告訴我們這種句子的特點。subjunctive mood中文譯作“虛擬語氣”，似乎不及“假設語氣”那么容易明白。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。

基本上，虛擬語氣可分為虛擬現在(subjunctive present)和虛擬過去(subjunctive past)兩種；但它們和時態(tenses)上所指的現在時態(present tense)和過去時態(past tense)是有所不同的

一、虛擬現在(subjunctive present):

虛擬現在的句子，在任何時候都要用動詞的原形(root form)，就算是第三人稱(he,she, it)也是如此。如：

1.1 現在時態(simple present):(右邊為虛擬語氣)i work----i work you work----you work he works----he work(注意到了嗎，是 work，不是 works)she works----she work(不是 she works 喔）

it works----it work(同樣不是 it works 喔)we work----we work they work----they work 1.2 現在進行時態(present continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣）

i am working----i be working(注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)

you are working----you be working he is working----he be working she is working----she be working it is working----it be working we are working----we be working they are woring----they be working 1.3 現在完成時態(present perfect)右邊為虛擬語氣)i have worked----i have worked you have worked----you have worked he has worked-----he have worked(用的還是have喔)she has worked----she have worked it has worked----it have worked we have worked----we have worked they have worked----they have worked 1.4 現在完成進行時態(present perfect continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣)i have been working----i have been working you have been working----you have been working he has been working----he have been working(是 he have, 不是 he has)she has been working----she have been working it has been working---it have been working we have been working----we have been working they have been working----they have been working

二、虛擬過去(subjunctive past)

虛擬過去的動詞無論在什么情況之下都要用過去復數形式。如：動詞 be，在虛擬過去 中要用 were。

2.1 過去時態(simple past)右邊為虛擬語氣)i worked----i worked you worked----you worked he worked----he worked she worked----she worked it worked----it worked we worked----we worked they worked----they worked 2.2 過去進行時態(past continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣)i was working----i were working（注意是 i were）

you were working----you were working he was working----he were working(是 he were 喔)she was working----she were working it was working----it were working we were working----we were working they were working----they were working 2.3 過去完成時態(past perfect)右邊為虛擬語氣)i had worked----i had worked you had worked----you had worked he had worked----he had worked she had worked----she had worked it had worked----it had worked we had worked----we had worked they had worked----they had worked(耶，全部都用 had!)2.4 過去完成進行時態(past perfect continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣

i had been working----i had been working you had been working----you had been working he had been working----he had been working she had been working----she had been working it had been working----it had been working we had been working----we had been working they had been working----they had been working(全部都是 had been 喔）

三、簡單的祝愿和命令： 3.1 祝愿

you be happy.(注意那個 be)祝你幸福。

you have a good the friendship between us last long, a good journey!祝你旅途愉快！3.2 命令

注意：1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。

2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號：！

3.虛擬語氣動詞用一般現在時態(simple present)，如：work, be , go

4.否定形式的命令語氣，可用助動詞 do，加上 not。

! harder! more alert!(虛擬語氣動詞 be) go out! not work so hard.(do not 表示否定的虛擬語氣)'t be afraid.(口語中常用don't 代替 do not)

四、在現在時態句里，用情態動詞(modal verb)的過去時態

(could,might,should,would)表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮、委婉等： you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情態動詞 would,表示客氣有禮) would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)

五、虛擬語氣在賓語從句(subordinate clasue)中的用法： 5.1 在wish后的虛擬語氣賓語從句(可省略它的that)：

表示：a.和現在的事實相反；

b.和過去的事實相反；

c.對將來的主觀愿望。

5.1.1 現在情況的虛擬，從句用過去式或過去進行式(時間上是同時的)：

1.i wish(that可省略,下同)i knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動詞過去式 knew)

我希望知道這個答案。(事實上是不知道)2.i wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)

但愿我的家鄉四季如春。(事實上不可能)3.i wish i were a bird.(wish, were)

但愿我是只小鳥。(事實上不可能,難道是鳥人？呵呵) she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上并不在家) that he is in china, he wishes he understood chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動詞understood)

現在他在中國，他希望能懂得中文。(事實上并不懂) we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上并不和我們在一起)5.1.2 過去情況的虛擬，從句動詞用“had + 過去分詞”（時間上較前): 1.i wish(that可省略，下同)i hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不該浪費這么多時間。(事實上已浪費了) wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去) wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事實上他并沒同我們講)4.i wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事實上已遲了) will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wish,had + listened)(事實上并不如此)5.1.3 將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀愿望)，從句動詞用“would/should/could/might + 動詞原形”(時間上較后):

(請注意：主句和從句的主語不相同喔)1.i wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動詞would+動詞原形stop)

我希望雨能停止。(事實上雨還在下著呢)2.i wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

我希望你安靜一些。(事實上那家伙還在吵著呢) wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

你希望她第二天會到。(事實上她還沒到)4.i wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

我希望她會改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒那么容易就改變主意喔) will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

(只是希望我們和他在一起，實際上還沒在一起)為了這個wish的部份，可花了我不少時間喔。i wish you would appreciate my work.5.2 除了wish之外，下列各動詞(如 suggest)的后面的虛擬語氣賓語從句，其謂語用 ：“should + 動詞原形”表示建議(suggest)、堅持(insist)等虛擬語氣： * suggest(建議), recommend(推薦), advise(勸告), propose(建議)* insist(堅持), consent(允諾)* decide(決定), order(命令)* request(要求), demand(要求), desire(期望), ask(要求)* maintain(主張), urge(催促)1.i suggest that we(should 可省略,下同)start the meeting at once.(suggest, should + start)(表示建議立即開會) doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose his weight.(suggested, should + try)(表示建議你應該減肥喔) insisted that all of us(should)be there on time by any mains.(insisted, should + be)(表示堅持,無論如何都要準時到那兒。你再講也沒用哩！) insisted that we(should)tell him the news.(insisted, should + tell)(表示非要你告訴他不可) ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.(ordered, should + wash)(表示命令學生們每周自己洗衣服)

六、虛擬語氣在表語從句、同位語從句中的用法：

下列名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句，也用“should + 動詞原形” 表示虛擬語氣： * demand(要求), desire(請求),requirment(要求)* advice(勸告), recommendation(建議),suggestion(建議)* order(命令)* necessity(必要地), preference(優先)* proposal(計劃), plan(計劃), idea(辦法) advice is that we(should 可省略，下同)leave at once.(名詞advice，should + leave)(表示加以勸告) idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.(idea, should + get)(表示做出主意)3.i make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.(proposal, should + hold)(表示做出計劃)虛擬語氣之類的語法真是錯綜復雜，不是一時半刻就能弄清楚的。再會

七、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法

句型：it is(或was)+ 形容詞(或過去分詞)+ that …… +should + 動詞原 形……

句子：it is natural that she should do so.(形容詞natural, should+動詞原 形do)常用的形容詞：

* natural(自然的), appropriate(適當的),advisable(合適的), preferable(更可取的), better(更好的)* necessary(必須的), important(重要的), imperative(急需的), urgent(急迫的), essential(本質的), vital(必不可少的)* probable(很可能的), possible(可能的)* desirable(極好的)常用的過去分詞(past participle): * required(需要的), demanded(要求), requested(被請求的), desired(要求)* suggested(建議), recommended(推薦)* orderd(命令) is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have)(表示有需要去散步) was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make)(表示有必要事先做好準備) is required that nobody(should)smoke here.(required, should + smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽煙) is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rule of school.(important, should + be)(表示重要的是學生都能了解校規)'s important that we(should)take good care of the patient.(important, should + take)(表示重要的是照顧好病人)

八、虛擬語氣在條件從句(protasis)中的用法： 條件從句有兩類：（1）真實條件句；（2）虛擬條件句。如果假設情況有可能發生的，就是“真實條件句”。如：

time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有時間的話，我們就一起去釣魚。）如果假設的情況與事實相反，則為“虛擬條件句”。如：

it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的話，我們就會留在家里。）這回我們要談的就是關于“虛擬條件句”的一些句型。

* 這種句子一般由“從句”（subordinate clause)和“主句”(main clause)組成。如上 例：

if it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.“if it had rained yesterday” 就是“從句”；“we would have stayed at home” 則為“主句。

* 無論”從句“或”主句“的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。它們所用的動詞有三種時態(tenses)，就是：

現在時態、過去時態、將來時態。* 句型：

8.1 與現在事實相反的假設(事情的發生都在同一時間內): 從句：if + 主語 + 動詞的過去式(be 用 were)+ ……

主句：主語 + would(should, could , might)+ 動詞原形 + ……

i were you, i would go with him.(從句 if i were you, 主句 i would go with him.) i were you, i should buy it.(從句用過去式動詞were，主句用動詞原形 buy) i had time, i would study french.(如果有時間，我會學習法文。）

（從句用過去式動詞had，主句用動詞原形 study）

she knew english, she would not ask me for help.(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我幫了。)

(從句用過去式動詞knew, 主句用動詞原形ask)注意：如果動作在進行中，主句要用：”主語 + would be + 進行式動詞 + ……“ they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(從句用過去式動詞were, 主句用 would be speaking)8.2 與過去事實相反的假設(假設從句的事實為過去的事)：

從句：if + 主語 + had +過去完成式動詞 + ……

主句：主語 + would(should, could, might)+ have +過去完成式動詞 +……

you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(從句動詞用had studied, 主句動詞用have passed)

如果你在上個學期用功一些，你就會在考試中過關了。

you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(從句動詞用had taken, 主句動詞用have failed)

如果你當時聽從我的勸告的話，你就不會在考試中失敗了。

you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(從句動詞用had got up, 主句動詞用 have caught)

如果你起身得早一點，你就會趕得上火車了。 it had snowed, i would have skied in the park.(從句動詞用had snowed, 主句動詞用 have skied)

如果下雪的話，我就可在公園里滑雪了。

注意：如果動作在進行中，主句要用：”i主語 + would + have + 完成進行式動詞+……

they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(從句動詞用had been, 主句動詞用 have been speaking)8.3 與將來的事實可能相反(對將來的事實實現的可能性不大)：

從句：if + 主語 + should(或were)+ 動詞原形 +……

主句：主語 + would(could, should, might)+ 動詞原形 +……

it should rain, the crops would be saved.(從句動詞用should rain，主句動詞用 be)

如果天下雨，莊稼可能就收獲了。

he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(從句動詞用were to, 主句動詞用 tell)

如果明天他走的話，他可能會告訴你。

he were here, i would give him the books.(從句動詞用 were, 主句動詞用 give)

如果他在這兒，我可能會把書給他。

注意：如果動作在進行中，從句(不是主句喔)要用：“if + 主語 + 過去進行式動詞+……” she were staying here now, i would let her ride my horse.(從句動詞用 were staying, 主句動詞用 let)

如果她現在留在這兒，我可能會讓她騎我的馬。

8.4 從句的 if 有時可省略，那么從句中的動詞(were, had, should)就得移到主語前 面：

1.原句：if she were younger, she would do it.去if：were she younger, she would do it.(把動詞were移到主語she的前面)2.原句：if he had tried it, he could have done it.去if：had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主語he的前面)8.5 有時虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個：

1.i could help you.(只有主句）

i had time.(只有從句）

should have come to the meeting.(只有主句) he had much more money.(只有從句)8.6 有時虛擬條件句的從句和主句地動詞動作時態會不一致：

8.6.1 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：

if they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.8.6.2 從句表示將來，主句表示過去：

if i were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, i would have gone to see the film with you last night.8.6.3 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：

if we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.8.6.4 從句表示將來，主句表示現在：

if we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, i would go shopping now.九、其他虛擬語氣在句子中的應用：

9.1 用as if(或 as though 好象)的狀語從句，表示與事實相反：

pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用過去式表示與現在事實相反的假設）

他假裝好象完全不懂那事，其實他對那事非常了解。

old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實)

那老人看著照片，他覺得仿佛回到20年前的時光。

talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形動詞meet，表示與將來事實相反)

他們談了又談，仿佛他們不會再相見的樣子。

9.2 用 had hoped 表示原來希望做到而實際上未能實現的事情。

其賓語從句的謂語要用“would + 動詞原形”：

1.i had hoped that she would go to the study there, but she said she liked to stay in china.我原本希望她到美國去念書，但她說她喜歡留在中 國。

9.3 用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示“要不是”、“如果沒有”，表 示條件虛擬句：

t air, nothing could live.要是沒有空氣，什么也不能生存。

for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的幫忙，我們是難有成就的。

the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果沒有水和空氣，什么也不能生存。練習：

surely desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in the travel schedules.√ s ed informed at the terrible trouble i your advice! √ followed follow followed 3.i wish go to the movie with you tonight, but i have to finish myhomework then.a.i can √b.i could c.i will d.i would ble, we would certainly have sent him to the was n’t john √ john been had been 5.i would have come sooner but i that you were ’t known ’t known √’t know known you had told me in advance, i him at the airport.√ have met meet met ody has ’s time we the meeting. start started start √d does not dare to leave the house in will recognize √ should be recognized

is recognized recognizes in looked as though he ill for a long been √ been 10.i’d rather you about it for the time ’t think √’t think not think not thought is necessary that mark in time to attend the meeting.√ come is working hard for fear that behind fall behind √ fall behind fall behind is imperative that hurst wood to hospital at taken be taken √ be taken be taken driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the down down break down √ break down ow, i ivory would surely be she comes she comes break down √ break down

is highly desirable that a new chairman for the be elected elected √ elected talks as if she on the √ been 18.i didn’t go to the i do wish i √ been is requested that every student a plan for the nest √ make make librarian recommended that the professor the newly published books.√ ed have borrowed ing if she there, margaret could not have done anything being √ been

22.i don’t think it advisable that darcy the job as a secretary since he has no experience.√ assigned be assigned assigned been assigned

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結篇二

2011——2012年第一學期期末語法課考試題型

elements(10 points)

read the sentences and analyse the clause elements in each of the letters s,v,o,c and a to represent the various elements:

subject

(s)verb

(v)object

(o)complement

(c)adverbial

(a)

the first sentence is an livingstone | lived | in africa | for more than ten years.s

v

a

a

filling(20 points)fill in the blank with the verb given in the le choice(20 points)there are twenty incomplete sentences in this each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and the one that best completes the your answer in the numbered squares filling(10 points)fill in the blanks in the following short passage, using appropriate articles or other correction(10 points)this is a composition written by a 13-year-old t the grammatical errors in the following the corrected version ation(20 points)ate the following sentences into english.(2 points each)

ate the following sentences into chinese.(3 points each)

ent, question, command, exclamation(10 point)read the following headlines taken from punctuation marks have been left each headline, write in the blank the type of communicative function they serve: statement, question, command or exclamation.

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結篇三

the subjunctive mood虛擬語氣(必修6)

teaching goals 教學目標

language 目標語言

a.重點詞匯和短語

wish， aggressive, scholar, in the flesh

b.重點句式

i wish...were / did...if...were / did...,...would / could / should / might do...y goals能力目標

enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different goals 情感目標

enable the students to use the subjunctive mood to express their emotion teaching important and difficult points 教學重難點

enable the students to use the correct form of the subjunctive ng methods教學方法

summarizing;comparative method;practicing ng aids教具準備

a projector and a ng procedures & ways 教學過程與方式

step ⅰpresentation

at first, give the students an example to present what the subjunctive mood is andin what situations we should use the subjunctive , show them the sentence structures of the subjunctive mood.t: now please listen to the following example: suppose i’m a basketball fan, yao1

ming is coming here to play a basketball game this unfortunately, i haven’t got a ticket for it.i feel sorry about that and what should i say in this situation? iwill say: i wish i watched the basketball game./ if i had got a ticket, i would go to watch the basketball you ever heard such kind of sentences?

ss: use the subjunctive mood.t: then do you know what is the subjunctive mood and in what situations weshould use the subjunctive mood?

s: the subjunctive mood is used when we want to express a wish, request,recommendation or report of a command.s: also, the subjunctive mood is used to express something that is contrary to thefact, highly unlikely or doubtful.t: can we show our feelings in such situations? we can use the following two sentence structures to express our t + wish + object clause

time verb object clause

now： wish would do / could do / were / did

past： wished had been / done

future： wish would do / could do / were / did

2.“if” clause..., main clause...time verb main clause

now： were / did would / could / should / might do

past： had done would / could / should / might have done

future： were / did would / could / should / might do

samples:

fact request subjunctive mood

not getting a ticket(if i got a ticket,)watch the game(i could watch the game.)i wish i watched the basketball having wings(if i had wings,)fly in the sky(i could fly in the sky.)i would flyfreely in the having enough money(if i had enough money,)buy a new computer(i couldbuy a new computer.)i could buy a new ⅱ practice

first, show the students some more raise some questions and askthem to discuss them according to the situations in groups of four, using thesubjunctive last, get them to show their sentences.t: now i’d like to give you some more discuss how to answer thequestions using the subjunctive mood in groups of them on the has been living with aids for many she is celebrating her

birthday with her you were helen, what kind of wishes would you make?

is said that a falling star can let your dreams come you saw a fallingstar, what kind ofwishes would you make?

s a falling star, a magic lamp can also let your dreams come youhad a magic lamp, what would you ask it to do for you?

after discussion

t: all right, now who would like to be volunteers to speak out your wishes?ss: if i were helen, i would ask for living longer / follow the doctors’ advice.(i wish i had a longer life / i followed the doctors’ advice.)

if i saw a falling star, i would promise to have a flourish future./ i would promise

to make my parents happy forever.(i wish i would have a flourish future / make my parents happy forever.)

if i had a magic lamp, i would ask it help the poor / i would ask it to bring peace tothe whole world.(i wish it could help the poor / bring peace to the whole world.)

step ⅲ consolidation

ask the students to do exercises 1 ＆ 2 in discovering useful structures on page 4and exercises 1-4 in using structures on page check the ⅳhomework

write five sentences by using the subjunctive mood

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結篇四

英語（高中）虛擬語氣教案

年級：高三

教師：張勇

2018年1月23日

一、教學主題：虛擬語氣

二、教學內容：if引導的虛擬條件句

三、教學目標：①掌握if引導的虛擬條件句的一般形式（與現在、過去、將來 事實相反的情況）

②掌握虛擬語氣中if引導的錯綜時間條件句 ③掌握if省略句的構成

虛擬語氣的含義：虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜疑、建議與事實不符的假設等等，而不表示客觀存在的事實。

知識點一：表示與現在事實相反的情況

eg: if i were you, i would take an umbrella.從例句得出相應的語法結構：

從句：if+主語+動詞一般過去時（be動詞用were）主句：主語+should/would/might/could+動詞原形

知識點二：表示與過去事實相反的情況

eg: if i had got there earlier, i should/would have met her.從例句得出相應的語法結構： 從句：if+主語+had+done 主句：主語+should/would/might/could+have done

知識點三：表示與將來事實相反的情況

從句：①if+主語+should+動詞原形

②if+主語+were to+動詞原形

③if+主語+動詞的過去式（be動詞用were）

主句：主語+should/would/might/could+動詞原形 eg: if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the you were there next month, we would play basketball with you.知識點四：

注意：①，錯綜時間條件句

含義：當條件狀語從句表示的動作或行為和主句表示的動作或行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整。

eg：if you had studied hard before, you would be a college student they had informed us, we would come here now.②，if省略句

在虛擬條件狀語從句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，變為倒裝句式。

eg: if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to him.變為：should he come here tomorrow, i would talk to she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the matter.變為：were she to be here next monday, i would tell her about the you were there next month, we would play basketball with you.變為：were you there next month, we would play basketball with you had studied hard before, you would be a college student ce：習題講練

1, if he should not ____ tomorrow, we should put off the come

come

come

2, if they were to ____ the research next tuesday, i would come with

done

done 3, if she worked hard next month, we would improve her

worked

worked 4, if you had listened to my advice before, you ____ better

be

have been 5, should he not ____ tomorrow, we should put off the come

come

come

6, were they to ____ the research next tuesday, i would come with

done

done 7, had you listened to my advice before, you ____ better

be

have been 3

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結篇五

高考英語之虛擬語氣歸納整理

英語的動詞有三種語氣形式，即陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。陳述語氣用來說明事實或就事實提出詢問，可用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句中；祈使語氣用于表示請求、命令、建議或警告等。虛擬語氣是謂語動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達假設、主觀愿望、猜測、建議、可能或空想等非真實情況。如：

1.虛擬語氣

he is honest.他很誠實。（陳述語氣）

don‘t be late next time.下次別遲到。（祈使語氣）

if i were you，i would not go.我要是你，我就不會去。（虛擬語氣）i wish i had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多錢就好了。（虛擬語氣）2第一類

虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法：

條件句有真實條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。真實條件句所表示的假設是有可能發生的，此時主句不用虛擬語氣；而虛擬條件句則表示一種假想，與事實相反或不大可能會發生，此時用虛擬語氣。如： if i have time，i will go.假若我有時間，我就去。（陳述語氣）

if i were you，i would go.假若我是你，我就去。（虛擬語氣）

條件句的謂語時態類型 主句謂語形式 例句 形式

i were you, i should 動詞過去式 與現在事實would/should/could/might+ v原study 相反 形 2.i would certainly go if *be 多用were i had time. you had taken my

advice, you would not have 動詞過去完成would/should/could/might + failed in the test.式 have done i had left a little had done earlier, i would have caught the train.與過去事實相反

you came tomorrow, we ①動詞過去式 would have the meeting.① 與將來事實would/should/could/might + v②should +v it were to rain 相反 原形 原 tomorrow, the meeting ③were + to do would be put off.③

*規律總結：從句都往過去推一個時態，如：與現在相反的if從句就用過去時；與過去相反用過去完成時（即過去的過去）

注：特別說明

1、l would/should/could/might主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后；would表示結果還表示過去經常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允許或可能性。比較：

if you tried again，you would succeed.要是你再試一試，你就會成功的。(would表結果)if you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再試一試，你可能會成功的。(might表可能)if you tried again，you could succeed.要是你再試一試，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

2、錯綜時間虛擬條件句 即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現在或將來，此時應根據具體的語境情況，結合上面提到的三種基本類型對時態作相應的調整：

if it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下過雨的話，現在地面就會是濕的。

you would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你當時聽我的話，你現在就會好多了。

3、if虛擬條件句的否定（含蓄條件句）常考兩個句型：if it weren’t for?和if it hadn’t been for?，其意為“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：

if it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是沒有水植物就無法生長。

if it hadn’t been for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=but for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=without your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果沒有你的幫助，我們不會成功的。

4、if虛擬條件句的倒裝形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：

were i in school again(= if i were in school again), i would work harder.如果我能再上一次學，我會學習得更努力。

had you asked me, i would have told you.(=if you had asked me,?)如果你問我，我會告訴你。

3第二類

使用虛擬語氣的常見結構或從句：

1.*wish與hope接賓語從句的區別在于：hope表示一般可以實現的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：

（1）we hope they will come.(we don’t know if they can come.)

（2）we wish they could come.(we know they are not coming.)我們希望他們能來。

only 與 i wish一樣，也用于表示與事實相反的愿望，其后所虛擬語氣的時態與 wish后所接時態的情況相同：

if only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。

if only i had listened to my parents!我要是當時聽了父母的話就好了。

if only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常獨立使用，沒有主句。

rather后句子用虛擬語氣 只分現在和過去

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that從句中, 句子謂語習慣上要用虛擬語氣，表示“寧愿做什么”，具體用法為：

① 一般過去時表示現在或將來的愿望

i’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我寧愿你明天(現在)去。

② 用過去完成時表過去的愿望

i’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你沒有這樣說過。

if(though)從句用虛擬語氣

以as if(as though)引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句，有時用虛擬語氣,則與wish用法相同，例： he acts as if he knew me.他顯得認識我似的。

they treat me as though i were a stranger.他們待我如陌生人。

he talks as if he had been abroad.他說起話來好像曾經出過國。

注：兩點說明

(1)從句所表示的內容若為事實或可能為事實，也可用陳述語氣：

it looks as if we’ll be late.我們似乎要遲到了。

(2)注意 it isn’t as if?的翻譯：

it isn’t as if he were poor.他不像窮的樣子(或他又不窮)。

4第三類

從句中should+動詞原形，should可省略

1.在 lest，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引導的目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣

she walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很輕以免吵醒她的室友。

2.表應當做 值得做 一類動詞后的賓語從句

建議advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command請求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提議move, vote希望desire堅持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：

i insisted that he(should)stay.我堅持要他留下。

he urged that they go to europe.他督促他們到歐洲去。

he suggested that we shouldleave early.他建議我們早點動身。

he ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。

i ask that he leave.我要求他走開。

he requires that i(should)appear.他要求我出場。

i move that we accept the proposal.我提議通過這項提案。

he arranged that i should go abroad.他安排我去國外。

she desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。

the general directed that the prisoners should be set free.將軍指示釋放那些俘虜。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“堅持認為”不用虛擬語氣

比較：

he insisted that ihad read his letter.他堅持說我看過他的信。

he insisted that i should read his letter.他堅持要我看他的信。

he suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。

i suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我覺得你與他心照不宣。

,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句 our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我們的建議是你應該第一個去。

4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order

l “it is(was)+ 緊急 重要--帶感情色彩

上述demand/suggest等動詞過去分詞 或

important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容詞 后的主語從句

is ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.注：*it is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對必要), impossible, improper,obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.；it is a pity；it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed

第四類

it’s time后的從句用虛擬語氣從句謂語通常用過去式表示(早)該干某事了

*有時也用過去進行時或“should+動詞原形”(較少見，且should不能省略)

’s time we went [were going, should go].我們該走了。

it’s time i was in bed.我該上床睡了。(不用were)

it's time = it is(the very/high/right/about)time

第五類

表示祝愿話語中也可以用虛擬語氣。

may godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。

may you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康長壽美滿幸福。

第六類

在少數句型中，謂語用虛擬語氣。

1）有that引導的句子（表示愿望或沮喪情緒）that the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下來。

2）由would that引導的句子（表示但愿）would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。

3）由to think引導的句子（表示沒想到）to think that i trusted him.沒想到我竟然信了他。5 wish和as if

1.表示與現在事實相反的愿望

構成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + 動詞過去式（be 一律用were）

例如：i wish i knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。

i wish that the experiment were a success.我希望這個實驗是成功的。

we wish we had wings.我們希望有翅膀。

2.表示與過去事實相反的愿望

構成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + would/could + have + 過去分詞或had + 過去分詞 例如：i wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天來過。

i wish that i could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。

i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i had been there.我沒有去參加晚會，但是我真的希望我去過那里。

3.表示將來不大可能實現的愿望

構成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + would/should/could/might + 原形動詞

例如：i wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次嘗試。

i wish that someday i should live on the wish that they would come if 引出的虛擬。

as if?.表好像??我們經常會利用一下句型來表達不能實現的虛擬狀態：it is as if??。(就好象是??)

as if + 從句，主句。（好像?? sb.+ do?）表達一種假設的條件。而 as if 之后的假設內容的語法結構和wish虛擬的結構一樣。

l.33 a day to remember 中原句，“as if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和現在事實相反的假設虛擬。北京新東方名師指出，要善于總結出一些學習語法的技巧，如利用對比，舉例等方法進行學習。

注：something is to happened，i'm to face it。

6注意事項

使用虛擬條件句時要注意的幾點：

1．當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整。如：

if you had followed my advice just now, you would be better you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.2．if 省略句在條件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 變為倒裝句式。如： if i were at school again, i would study harder.→ were i at school again, i would study you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→ had you come earlier, you would catch the it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→ should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：我們可以說：were it not for the expense, i would go abroad now.但不能說：weren't it for the expense, i would go abroad now.3．用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有with, without, but for。如：

what would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)

we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn't got your help)

but for the rain(= if it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄條件句

有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現if引導的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。

i was ill that ise, i would have taken part in the sports meet.(副詞)he telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it.(連詞)

a man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定語從句）i might have given you more help, but i was too busy.(連詞)

everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(獨立主格結構)

混合型與含蓄型虛擬語氣

1。混合型虛擬語氣：

當虛擬條件從句與結果主語所表達的時間不一致時，被稱為“混合條件句”，這種虛擬語氣被稱為“混合型虛擬語氣”，動詞的形式要根據它所表達的時間作相應調整。如：

if you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(條件從句表達的時間是過去，因此用had+過去分詞；主句表示的時間是現在，因此用would+動詞原形)

2.含蓄型虛擬語氣：

有時候，虛擬條件不是通過if引導的條件句來表示，而是暗含在上下文中

（1）.用but for、without(如果沒有）等來代替條件從句，如

without electricity human life would be quite different=if there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different

(2)用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語氣。如： i lost your ise,i would have visited you long before.=i lost your i hadn't lost your address ,i would have visited you long before.(3)虛擬條件通過but暗示出來。如：

he would have given you more help,but he was too busy

他本來會給你更多的幫助，但是他太忙了。也就是說，如果那時他不忙，他可以給你更多的幫助。句中but he was too busy實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果那時他不忙

he would lose weight,but he eats too much

他本來可以減肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是說，如果他吃得不多的話，他是可以減肥的。句中的but he eats too much實際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果他吃得不多